Internal-combustion engine.



J. G. LAWLER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23,1911.

Patented Sept. 22, 1914,

THE NORRIS PETERS 60.. F'HOTO'LITHO, WASHINGTUN. D. C.

J. c. LAWLER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1911.

1 ,1 1 1,074. Patented Sept. 22, 1914.

' 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wi lmemo v r whom m3 8 YHE NORRIS PETERS co. PHOTO-LITHQ. WASHINGTON. D. c.

.T. U. LAWLBR.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23,1911.

Patented 81111112211914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

"Ill NORRIS PEILR C0,.PHO1DLH'HOJA/dSHINGTON, u c

J. G. LAWLER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1911.

Patented Sept. 22, 1914,

5 SHEETSSHEET 4.

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:FHL' NORRIS FEM-Rb co.. FHOTU-LITHCL. wAsn/NGmN. u. c.

J. C. LAWLER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1911.

1,1 1 1 ,074. Patented Sept. 22, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

THE NOFIRIS Ft. TERS 00., PHOTO-LITHOU WASHINGTON, D1 C./

JU$TUS C; LAWLER, TRINIDAD, COLORADO.

iNTnnnAL-coMBUsTIoN ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed May as, 1911.

Patented Sept. 22, 1914.. Serial No. 628,932.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JUs'rUs C. LAWLER, a

citizen of the United States, and resident of Trinidad, in the county: of Las Animas, State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification. l V

The presentinvention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines and has for its object to provide a light and compact engine structure by which a maximum amount of power may be economically obtained.

In particular the invention has for its objectto providemeans by which the amount of each explosive chargeis greater than that which would be introducedinto the combus tion chamber by the displacement of the piston at atmospheric pressure, and further to cause a greater compression. of such explosive charge than is commonly effected.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a View in partial elevation and partial section of an. internal combustion engine constructed inaccordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is an elevation from the opposite side of the engine shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating a slightly different form of engine from Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4: is a sectional view on an enlarged scale of one o'fthe pistons; F ig. 5 is a transverse sectional view substantially on the line 55 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 18 a sectional view through the engine on substantially the line 6-6 of Fig. 3; Figs. 7 to 11, inclusive, are respectively sectional views on the lines 7 7, s-s, 9 e, i0 10 and 1111 of Figs. 3 and 6, the pistons being omitted; Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional view through a portion of the crank shaft andits bearing.

lVhile the invention may be applied to or embodied in engines of various types it'has for the purposes of the present application been shown as modified in engines of the two-cycle class and in F igs. 1 and 2 there is shown an engine ofthis type comprising four cylindrical casings A, A, A and A Each of said casings is of such form that there is provided therein a work ing cylinder or combustion chamber a and a pumping cylinder Z), the latter being of greater diameter than the combustion or working cylinder and communicating with the crank case 0. The several working cylinders are surrounded by water jackets D gcharge pipes d, d. is further provided with an inlet port a and with suitable igniting devices conventionally illustrated at a with which communicate supply and dis- Each working cylinder iVithin each casing of the enginefis arranged a piston shown as being of hollow cylindrical form and having a body section E cooperating with and working within the cylinder at and an extension E of greater diameter than the body which constitutes a piston for the pumping cylinder Z). The piston is connected by a suitable link or rod 6 with a crank f on a shaft F. The latter is mounted in suitable bearings in the crank case of the engine and preferably it is provided with an aid conduit as will be hereinafter describedfor supplying air to the crank case and pumping cylinder 6. As shown in Fig. 4, the piston is preferably made of two sections connected by a threaded joint 6,

and both of the pistonheads formed thereon are provided with grooves to receive packing or expansion ringsto prevent leakage between the piston and wall of the cylinder in which it works.

According to the present invention the pump cylinder 5 and crank casing c are employed to receive, and the piston acts to compress therein, the air which is afterward supplied to a carbureter and forms the body of the explosive charge or mixture supplied to each working or combustion cylinder. Further, the several cylinders are so connected that each piston is caused to compress air throughout its entire movement and thereby the pressure of the explosive charge supplied to each working cylinder is in excess of that which would be obtained by the displacement of the piston in such cylinder alone.

In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 thecrank case or lower portion of each pumping cylinder is connected by a pipe G with another pumping cylinder and on the opposite side of the piston therein.

That is,the crank case or lower end of the pumping cylinder 6 of the casing A, for example, is connected with the upper portion of the corresponding cylinder 1) of the cas ing A, and the casings A and A are similarly connected. It will be understood that according to the present invention the pumping and working cylinders are arranged inpairs and it will be seen that by such arrangement and the connection 111st detures or ports a scribed each piston will operate throughout its movement to compress air the cylinder b in which it works.

Air is admitted to each cylinder through the hollow crank shaft F which isprovided at suitable points with a slot or slotsi s' adapted to pass across Corresponding inlets 8 formed in the shaft bearing whereby the motion of the pistons will act to draw air into the chambers b as the piston in eachof said chambers moves upwardly to compress the explosive. charge in the working cylindera. The amount of air admitted to each pump-v ing cylinder in the manner described may r be controlled and regulated by it any; suitable valve mechanism, a simple form beingiillus trated at H in Fig. 2. The several pumping cylinders b are, alladapted to communicate Wlth a common conduit or duct I for compressed aii', which in turn is connected through a manifold with the inlet portsof each working cylinder, a suitable carbureter being inclosed within such manifold. .In the form of the: invention illustrated in Figs.

1 and 2 the said manifold comprises two branchesO. O. which are connected at their ends by a member O which has direct com-. munication with the inlet ports of the several working cylinders.- As the carbureter may be of any suitable style it is illustrated conventionally only, as by dotted lines K, in Fig. 2, the conduit for supplying gasolene to such carburetor being indicated at K.

Theconnection between each of the pumping cylinders Z) and the compressed air duct or conduit 1 is controlled by the piston in such cylinder. As shown there are formed in the body of the. piston above the head E thereof a series of longitudinally-attending grooves c which are of such length that when the piston is reaching thelimit of its upward movement they establish communication between the chamber b, in which the piston moves, and said conduit or duct 1, as shown,-for example, in Fig. 1. WVith the parts in this position the charge of air pre viously compressedin the upper portion of the pumping cylinder 3) of the engine casing will pass into. said conduit 1. Near the lower end each working or combustion cylinder a is providedwith a series of exhaust aper- These ports are shown as extending substantially around the cylinder and providing a relatively large exhaust area, and they are so arranged that the em .panding gas is retained in the cylinder until near the end of the downward or out- .ward stroke of the piston.

As hereinbefore described the several cylinders of the engine are arranged in pairs and as shown in Figs. 8 to 12 such a pair of cylinders may be cast integrally thus providing a very compact arrangement. Also instead of employing eXteriorly arranged conduits or pipes G for conducting air from point below the downward limitof movement of the "piston in one pumping cylinderto a point above the upward movement of the corresponding piston in the cooper ating cylinder, such conduits are formed Q within the engine casings as represented ,in Fig. 11. In said figure L represents the pas sage which communicates with the crank case of pumping cylinder, 5, Fig. 3, and

with the upper portion. of; the adjacent pumping cylinder 6 through ports Z. Similarly the crank case below cylinder 12 is connected through a passageL. with ports Z opening intothepumping cylinder 5.

In the embodiment of the invention now referred to the compressed air duct" or corrduit I communicates through a duct M 'with the manifold NY in which is arranged the carbureter and the branches of which communicate with the inlet ports ofthe cylinders, such ports-being controlled by suitable valvesN. As shown in Figs. 3 and 12 the supplyof air to the ports in the bearingffor the 1101- low crank shaft F may :be controlled by a:

valve P mounted atthe upperjend of a suitable casing surrounding the ports in said bearing.

From the foregoing description and the drawings the operation-and advantages of an engine constructed in accordance with the invention will be easily understood.

It will be seen that the pumping piston? F/ of each pair of cooperating pistons will eilect a maximum compresslon ofair at the same time thatthe other corresponding piston of said pair moving in the opposite di. rect on effects a sim lar compression and. that the air thus compressed by both said pistons will be caused topass into the common compression duct or channel as either of the PlStOl'lS 1n the workmgcyl nders approaches the limit of its compression stroke. The air thus compressed is conveyed toja sealed receptacle containmg a carbureter v01 similar device which in turn" is connected with the inlet ports of the several working cylinders. Gasolene if combinedwith the compressed air for forming the explosive mix ture must be-admitted through the carbureter at a pressure greater than that of the air,

and thismay be accomplished bv means of asuitable pump or by therelative arrangement of the gasolene tank and carbu-reter. By'the invention it will be seen thatthe crank case is employed only for'compressing' air and therefore the lubrication of the bearings of the crank shaft are not affected they are when the crank case is employed for compressing the explosive mixture as has been the practice commonly followed Further, the invenlizing the crank shaft as an air inlet valve no supplemental or special valve has to be provided so that the power commonlyrequired to operate such valve is saved. Again it willbeseen that all of the valves of the engine arereadily accessible and can be renewed or repaired without great inconvenience. i

The inlet and exhaust ports of each working cylinder are arranged adjacent opposite ends thereof so that each cylinder may be completely scavenged following an ex plosion withoutloss'of explosive mixture through the exhaust ports. This arrangement permits of the exhaust ports extending substantially around the. cylinder and giving a longer power stroke to the piston with out decreasing the area ofthe exhaust open- In engines of this type as commonlyconstruc-ted the amount of mixture suppliedto the cylinder during each cycle of movement of the pistonis generally less than the ca-; paoity of the cylinder and the valve controlling the inlet po-rt normally closes before the exhaust port is closed. By the present invention however any desired quantity of mixture may be supplied to the cylinder 1 by properly proportioning the compressor I cylinders,

and as the mixture can enter the cylinder after the exhaust port is closed there is no danger of anyrloss of such mixture through the exhaust port. I

3 Having thusdescribed my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a suitable casing having therein a pair of cylinders, each cylinder rovided with an inlet atthe head end and 1 y an outlet at the crankend, means for 1g niting a charge-1n each cylinder, a piston working in each cylinder and having an extension cooperating with the casing to provide an air pump, a mixing device having its mixture outlet connected with theinlets of both cylinders, and a duct connected with the inlet of the mixing device and with the engine casingin such a manner that the mixing device will receive all the air compressed by both pumping pistons throughe out the strokes thereof.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a suitable casing having; workmg cyllnders each provided with an inlet at the head end and an outlet at the crank end, means forignit inga charge in each cylinder, apiston-with in each cylinder having an extenslon cooperating with the casing to provide a.

pump acting throughout the entire recipro eating movement of the piston to compress air, a carbureter having its mixture outlet connected with the inlets of both working and means connecting both of said air pumps with the inlet of the carbureter in such ainanner that the carburetor will receive all the air compressed by both pumping pistons throughout the strokes thereof and while said pistons are moving in opposite directions. a

In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a casing having therein a pair of working cylinders, provided with inlet ports at their: head ends, and exhaust ports at the crank ends of the cylinders, means for igniting a chargein each of said cylinders, a pair of pump cylinders, a piston within each working cylinder, a piston in each pumping cylinder connected with a 1 piston in a working cylinder, an inlet for admitting air to each pump cylinder, connections between the pump cylinders within the casing and extending from one side of the piston in each cylinder to the opposite side of the piston in the other, a carbureter having its mixture outlet directly connected with the inlet ports of both working cylinder, and direct connections between the carburetor and both pump cylinders said pistons in the pumpingcylinders acting throughout their entire reciprocating movement to compress the air supplied to said carbureter. i

4. In an internal: combustion engine, the combination of a pair of working cylinders, provided with inlet and exhaust ports at the head and crank ends of the working cylinders respectively, means for igniting a charge in each of said cylinders, a pair of pump cylinders in alinement with and of greater diameter than the working cylinders, a piston within each working cylinder having an extension terminating inan enlarged head within the alined pump cylinder, an inlet for admitting a-irto each pump cylinder on the opposite side of the head of the piston therein from the working cylinder, connections between the pump cylinders, extending from one side of the piston head in each cylinder to the opposite side of the piston head in the other, whereby said pistons in the pump cylinder may act compress air, a carburetor having its mixture outlet directly connected with the inlet ports of both working cylinders, and direct connections between the carbureter and both pump cylinders the carbureter receiving all the air compressed by both pumping pistons throughout the stroke thereof and while the pumping pistons are moving in opposite directions.

In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a casing having therein two sets of alined working and pumping cylin ders, the former each having inlet and exhaust ports, means for igniting a charge in each working cylinder, a carburc'ter havl ing its mixture outlet connected with the inthroughout their reciprocating movement to lets to both working cylinders and its air inlet connected with a supply duct, a piston in each working-cylinder having an extension constituting a piston in the alined pump cylinder, the body of each piston having formed therein a passage adapted in one positio'nto connect its pump cylinder with the air supply duct ot' the carbureter, an inlet for air in each pump cylinder, and dnctsconnecting the pump cylinders and each extending from one side of the piston inone of said cylinders to the opposite side of the piston in the other said cylinder.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a pair of working cylinders, provided with inlet and exhaust ports,means for igniting a, charge in each of said cylinders, a pair of pump cylinders, a piston within each working cylinder, a piston in each pumping cylinder connected with a piston in a working cylinder, an inlet for admitting air to each pump cylinder, connections between the pump cylinders extending from one side of the piston in each cylinder to the opposite side or the piston "in the other, a carbureter having its mixture outlet connected with-the inlet ports of both working cylinders and having an air supply duct adapted to communicate with said pump cylinders, and means controlled by the pistons fonestablishing communication between said duct and the pump cylinders."

7. In an internalcombustion engine, the combination of a pair of working cylinders, provided with inlet and exhaust ports, means for igniting a charge ineach of said cylinders, a pair of'pump cylinders in alinement with. and of greater diameter than the work ing cylinders, a piston within each working cylinder having an extension terminating in an. enlarged head within the alined pump cylinder, and provided in its exterior surface adjacent said head with a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves or channels, an inlet for admitting air to each pump cylinder, connections between the pump cylinders, extending from one side of the piston head in each cylinder to the opposite side of the piston head in the other, and a carbureter having its mixture outlet connected with the inlet ports of both working cylinders, and its air inlet directly connected with a duct adapted to communicate with both pump cylinders through the aforesaid grooves or channels in the pistons.

8. Inan internal combustion engine, the combination of a pair of working cylinders provided with suitable inlet and exhaust ports located at opposite ends thereof, ignition means at the inletends of said working cylinders, a pair of pumping cylinders in alineinent with the working cylinders,

pumping pistons in the pumping cylinders and compressing air throughout the strokes thereof, means including 'a, duct connecting-the pump cylinders with the inlets tr] the working cylinders, a carbureterlocated in said duct and arranged-to mix fuel with all'the air supplied to'said working cylinders,fsaid )uinps compressing1 -the air to such a pressure that theamountof explosive mixture supplied to the working cylinders will be greater than that supplied by the displacement o-f the' working "pistons onlyp i 9. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a plurality of working and air pumping cylindersQpistonS inthe pumping} cylinders capable of compressing air throughout their strokes in both directions, aparburet'er or mixing-device having-its mixture outlet connected with the inlet of each working cylinder, and means whereby substantially all the air compressed in the pumping cylindersis supplied to the inlet of said carburetor, c

410. I111" a multi cylinder two cycle internal combustion engine, 1 the icombination of a plurality of working cylinders each' pro 1 vided with inlet and exhaust ports arranged adjacent "opposite ends thereof, a carbureter having its mixture outlet connected with the inlet port of each working cylinder, a pump-f mg cylinder in almem'enflwith "each: work ing-cylinder, a piston in each working cyl inder having an extensionterminating ina head constitutinga piston in the alined pumping cylinder, means for establishing communication betweenfthe "several pumps, ing -cylinders and the-carbureter wherebyf; the'latter is supplied with a substantially constant stream ofsubstantially all the air so compressed in pumpingcylinders and the quantity of each" charge supplied to 1 every working cylinder 'exceeds that "which would be obtained by-the displacement of the piston therein at atmospheric pressure,

its

and means for'ignitingnacharge in each 1 working cylinder;

11; Ina multi-cylinder {twocycle internal combustion engine, the combmationpf a plurality of working cylinders each having inlet andexhaust port's adjacent oppositeends thereof, a carbureter 'havingitslmlxture outlet connected, with the inletport ofeach working cylinder, a plurality of pump ing cylinders, a pistonin'each pumping cyllie i'is

inderfan air inlet for'each of the pumping Cylinders means Connecting h pumpin cylinders in pairswhereby the'pistons thereinfwillact ascompressors throughout their entire movement, a duct connecting all-of the pumping cylinders with thecarbureter,

whereby-the latter is supplied with a sub-c stantially constant stream ofsubstantially all thcair so compressed in the pumping 'cyl.inders and the quantity' of each charge supplied toevery working cylinder exceeds that which would be obtained by the dis-1 placement of the piston therein at atmosa DhGIlC ressure and means tori nitin a charge ineach working cylinder.-

12. in an internal combustion engine, the combination of a casing having therein a pair of working cylinders, a pair of crank cases, a pair of pumping cylinders arranged between the working cylinders and crank cases, a piston in each working cylinder having an extension terminating in a head constituting a piston in one of the pumping cylinders, a crank shaft connected with each piston and having therein a cham her having a port constantly communicatin with the adjacent pumping cylinder and a port adapted to intermittingly communicate with an air inlet port in a bearing for said shaft, connections between said pumping cylinders whereby the pistons therein operate as pumping pistons throughout their entire movement, a carburetor having its mixture outlet connected with the inlet ports of both working cylinders and its air inlet connected with both pumping cylinders, and means for igniting a charge in each working cylinder.

13. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a pair of working cylinders provided with suitable inlet and exhaust ports, means in each of said cylinders for igniting a charge, a pair of pump cylinders alined with saidworking cylinders and pro vided with air inlets, a piston in each working cylinder, a piston in each pumping cylinder connected with. the piston in the working cylinder alined therewith, passageways on the exterior of said cylinders adapted to establish communication between the space on one side ofapump piston and the space on the opposite side of the other pump piston, a carburetor having its mixture outlet connected with the inlet ports of both working cylinders and having an air supply duct connected with said pump cylinders, in such a manner that all the air compressed by the pumping cylinders will be supplied to and pass through the carburetor, and means for establishing communication between said pump cylinder and said duct. 1

14. In an internal combustion engine,*tl1ecombination of a-casing having a pair of working cylinders provided with inlet and exhaust ports, means in each of said cylinders for igniting a charge, said casing also having a pair of pump cylinders alined with said working cylinders and provided with air inlets, a piston in each working cylinder, a piston in each pumping cylinder connected with a piston in a working cylinder, said casing being provided with two passageways exterior of said cylinders,qeach passageway being adapted to establish communication between the spacelon oneside of one pumping piston and the space on the opposite side of the other pumping piston, a carbu reter having its mixture; outlet connected with the inlet ports of both working cylinders and having an airsupply duct connected with said pumpcylinders and means on the piston in the Working cylinder for establishing communication between said pump cylinders andsaid duct.

1:". In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a casing having therein a pair of working cylinders having inlet and exhaust ports and a pair of pumping cylinders in alinement with theworking cylinders and having air inlets, said casing having conduits for establishing communication between the pumping cylinders, a piston in each working cylinder having an extension terminating in ahead constituting a piston in the alined pumping cylinder, each of said conduits establishing communication between the space on one side of a piston head in one pumping cylinder and the space on the other side of the piston head in the adjacent pumping cylinder, said casing having a common duct therein, a manifold connecting said duct with the inlet of each of said working cylinders, a carbureter inclosed in said manifold, each piston having channels adjacent the head to establish communication at intervals between the pumping cylinder and the duct, and means for igniting the charge in each cylinder.

, 16. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a casing having therein a pair of working cylinders provided with suitable inlet and exhaust ports, means in each of said cylinders for igniting a charge, said casing also having a pair of pump cylinders alincd with and supporting the part of the casing inclosing the working cylinders, a pair of crank cases communicating with the pump cylinders and supporting the casing comprising the pump cylinders, a piston in each working cylinder. a piston in each pump cylinder connected with a piston in the alined working cylinder, said casing; being provided with two passage ways exterior of said cylinders and within the casing walls, each passageway being adapted to establish communication between the space on-o-ne side of one pumping piston and the space on the opposite side of the other pumping piston, a carbureter having its mixture outlet connected with the inlet ports of both working cylinders, an air supply duct connectedwith said passageways and arranged to supply compressed air to said carburetor, a crankshaft con nected with each piston andhaving therein a chamber through which air may besupplied to the interior of the crank casing,

and means for establishing communication between saidpump cylinders and said duct.

17. In a multi-cylinder two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of workingcylinders arranged ,in pairs and each provided with. suitable inlet and exhaust ports, pump cylinders also arpressed air and the explosive mixture is ranged in pairs and in alinement with the l supplied to the cylinder underpressure and working cylinders and pistons in said pump in a greater quantity than could be supplied cylinders compressing air throughout the by the displacement of the workingcylinder 15 strokes thereof, a carburetor having its mixonly. a a "1 I- ture outlet connected. with the inlet port of In testimony whereof I affix my signature each working cylinder and connections inin presence of two witnesses. A eluding a common duct between the pairs JUSTUS C. LAVVLER.

of pumping cylinders and the inlet to the Witnesses: carbureter, whereby the latter is supplied l W; E. LAWLER. V

with a substantially constant stream of com- 1 RUTH C. LAWLER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by address ng the Commissioner of Patent:-

. a Washington, D. G. 

